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Montenegro
Form of Government: Parliamentary republic
Area: 13 888 sq km
Population: 621 306 inhab. (estimate 2020)
Density: 44.74 inhab./sq km
Coordinates: lat. 44° - 43° N; long. 18° - 20° E
Capital: Podgorica (capital) 177 177 inhab. (2018);
Currency: euro (100 cents)
Human development index: 0.829 (rank: 48)
President: Milo Đukanović (DPS), since 20 May 2018
Prime Minister: Zdravko Krivokapić (independent), since 4 December 2020
Internet: www.monstat.org (Statistical Office of Montenegro)
Member of CEFTA, Council of Europe, EBRD, NATO, OAS observer, OSCE, UN, WTO
Montenegro
Crna Gora
Useful informationInternational license plate code MNE
International dialling code 00382
Travel vaccinations requirement none
Electricity (Voltage) 220
Driving side rigth
Internet code .me
GMT +1
DST +2
DST duration (start-end) late March-late October
Annual average temperature (°C) Podgorica 15.9
Average temperature in January/July (°C) Podgorica 5.5/26.5
Daily sunshine hours in June/December (average) Podgorica 10/4
Annual average precipitation (mm) Podgorica 1620
Days of rainfall (annual average) Podgorica 100
Politics and current affairsIn April 2021, the EU refused to support the country, which was the brink of collapse due to debt owed to China to build a motorway. In July, financial support arrived from two US banks and a French bank.
Geography.
It is bordered by Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina to the west and north-west, and by Serbia, Kosovo (with which an agreement on the borders was reached in 2018) and Albania to the east and south-east. The Adriatic Sea lies off its south and south-west coasts. The fiord-like Bay of Kotor lies within its high, rocky coastline. The landscape is mainly mountainous (Durmitor, 2522 m). The climate is Mediterranean along the coast and continental inland.
Government
From 1992 it was a member of the Federal Rep. of Yugoslavia along with Serbia, which later became the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. It declared independence on 3 June 2006. The single-chamber Parliament has 81 members elected for four years. The President is elected for five years.
The country is a candidate for membership of the EU.
Administrative division
Administrative divisions
Cities
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Podgorica | 177 177 | inhab. | 2018 |
| Nikšić | 56 970 | inhab. | 2011 |
Population
| Population by age and gender (% - 2020) | ||||||||
| ||||||||
| MALE | AGE | FEMALE | ||||||
Demographic statistics
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Birth rate | 11.6 | ‰ | 2019 |
| Death rate | 10.6 | ‰ | 2019 |
Foreigners
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Foreigners, total | 44 324 | units | 2011 |
Ethnic groups
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Montenegrin | 45.3 | % | 2001 |
| Serb | 29$ | % | 2011 |
Religions
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Orthodox | 72.1 | % | 2011 |
| Muslim | 19.1 | % | 2011 |
Languages
| DESCRIPTION |
|---|
| Albanian |
| Bosnian |
Population by selected age groups
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0-14 years | 18.1 | % | 2020 |
| 15-29 years | 18.9 | % | 2020 |
Economy
The main crops are cereals, potatoes, tobacco, citrus fruits, grapes and olives. It has quite large reserves of bauxite, lignite, lead and zinc. Electricity is produced by hydro power plants and the thermal one in Pljevlja. Important industrial sectors are iron and steel and metalworking, timber and tobacco processing, textiles and food processing. Tourism is on the rise.
Economy - General data
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural prod. index (2004-06=100) | 66.23 | index | 2016 |
| Agricultural prod. index (2014-16=100) | 101.84 | index | 2019 |
Economy - Employment
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Active population | 267 100 | units | 2020 |
| Active population, Females | 44.4 | % | 2020 |
Economy - Unemployment
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unemployment rate | 17.9 | % | 2020 |
| Unemployment rate, Females | 45.8 | % | 2020 |
Economy - State budget
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Expenses | 2 593.2 | M LCU | 2019 |
| Revenues | 1 885.2 | M LCU | 2019 |
Employment by economic activity
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| agriculture | 7.521 | % | 2020 |
| industry | 18.414 | % | 2020 |
GDP by economic activity
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| agriculture | 7.868 | % | 2019 |
| industry | 19.851 | % | 2019 |
Financial data
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Currency in circulation | 0.744 | BN LCU | 2020 |
| International reserves | 2 134.38 | M US$ | 2020 |
Agriculture
Land use
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| arable land | 1.086 | % | 2018 |
| forests | 61.492 | % | 2018 |
Agriculture - products - Cereals
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| barley | 0.99 | 1000 t | 2019 |
| cereals, total | 6.99 | 1000 t | 2019 |
Agriculture - products - Roots and tubers
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| potatoes | 26.56 | 1000 t | 2019 |
| roots and tubers, total | 26.56 | 1000 t | 2019 |
Agriculture - products - Vegetables
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| cabbages | 11.101 | 1000 t | 2019 |
| chillies and peppers | 4.565 | 1000 t | 2019 |
Agriculture - products - Pulses
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| beans, dry | 0.322 | 1000 t | 2019 |
| beans, green | 0.529 | 1000 t | 2019 |
Agriculture - products - Grape
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| grapes | 20.86 | 1000 t | 2019 |
Agriculture - products - Olive
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| olives | 0.31 | 1000 t | 2019 |
Agriculture - products - Aromatics
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| tea | 0.1 | 1000 t | 2019 |
Agriculture - products - Industrial crops
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| tobacco | 0.228 | 1000 t | 2019 |
Agriculture - products - Fruits
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| apples | 1.49 | 1000 t | 2019 |
| cherries | 2.09 | 1000 t | 2019 |
Agriculture - products - Nuts
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| walnuts | 0.669 | 1000 t | 2019 |
Agriculture - products - Citrus fruits
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| citrus fruits | 13.097 | 1000 t | 2019 |
| mandarins | 3.479 | 1000 t | 2019 |
Agriculture - products - Others
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| mushrooms | 0.6 | 1000 t | 2019 |
Agriculture - areas harvested - Cereals
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| barley | 0.39 | 1000 ha | 2019 |
| maize | 0.64 | 1000 ha | 2019 |
Agriculture - areas harvested - Roots and tubers
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| potatoes | 1.62 | 1000 ha | 2019 |
Agriculture - areas harvested - Vegetables
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| cabbages | 0.328 | 1000 ha | 2019 |
| chillies and peppers | 0.188 | 1000 ha | 2019 |
Agriculture - areas harvested - Pulses
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| beans, dry | 0.045 | 1000 ha | 2019 |
| beans, green | 0.274 | 1000 ha | 2019 |
Agriculture - areas harvested - Grape
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| grape | 2.83 | 1000 ha | 2019 |
Agriculture - areas harvested - Olive
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| olive | 0.14 | 1000 ha | 2019 |
Agriculture - areas harvested - Aromatics
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| tea | 0.124 | 1000 ha | 2019 |
Agriculture - areas harvested - Industrial crops
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| tobacco | 0.115 | 1000 ha | 2019 |
Agriculture - areas harvested - Fruits
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| apples | 0.22 | 1000 ha | 2019 |
| cherries | 0.727 | 1000 ha | 2019 |
Agriculture - areas harvested - Nuts
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| walnuts | 0.405 | 1000 ha | 2019 |
Agriculture - areas harvested - Citrus fruits
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| citrus fruits | 1.115 | 1000 ha | 2019 |
| mandarins | 0.136 | 1000 ha | 2019 |
Forests-Livestock-Fishing
Forestry
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| timber | 1 082 199 | m³ | 2019 |
Livestock - Cattle
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| cattle | 81.4 | 1000 heads | 2019 |
| cattle and buffaloes | 81.4 | 1000 heads | 2019 |
Livestock - Pigs
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| pigs | 23$ | 1000 heads | 2019 |
Livestock - Sheep
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| sheep | 182.1 | 1000 heads | 2019 |
Livestock - Goats
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| goats | 28.7 | 1000 heads | 2019 |
Livestock - Equines
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| equines, total | 3.965 | 1000 heads | 2019 |
| horses | 3.965 | 1000 heads | 2019 |
Livestock - Poultry
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| birds | 688 | 1000 heads | 2019 |
Livestock - Beekeeping
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| honey | 0.54 | 1000 t | 2019 |
Livestock - Livestock products
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| butter | 0.465 | 1000 t | 2018 |
| cheese | 10.95 | 1000 t | 2018 |
Fishing
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| corals | 0.8 | t | 2018 |
| crustaceans and molluscs | 337 | t | 2019 |
Minerals
Mineral resources - Energy minerals
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| coal, total | 1 605.2 | 1000 t | 2019 |
| lignite | 1 605.2 | 1000 t | 2019 |
Mineral resources - Metal ores
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| bauxite | 775 | 1000 t | 2019 |
| lead | 4.4 | 1000 t | 2018 |
Mineral resources - Non-metal ores
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| salt | 10$ | 1000 t | 2013 |
Mineral resources - Rocks
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| marble - t | 3.2 | 1000 t | 2018 |
| sand and gravel - t | 259 | 1000 t | 2018 |
Energy
Electric energy - Generated
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| - hydro | 2 091.87 | M kWh | 2018 |
| - thermal | 1 461.7 | M kWh | 2018 |
Electric energy - Installed capacity
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| - hydro | 652 | 1000 kW | 2019 |
| - thermal | 225 | 1000 kW | 2018 |
Electric energy - Total production and capacity
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| total net generation | 3 696.57 | M kWh | 2018 |
| total installed capacity | 998 | 1000 kW | 2018 |
Industry
Industry - Iron and Steel, Metallurgy
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| aluminium | 60$ | 1000 t | 2019 |
| steel, crude | 75$ | 1000 t | 2019 |
Industry - Clothing and footwear
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| footwear | 12 016 | pairs | 2016 |
Industry - Food and beverages
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| beer of barley | 33.2 | 1000 t | 2018 |
| olive oil | 0.018 | 1000 t | 2018 |
Industry - Tobacco
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| cigarettes | 127 | M units | 2018 |
| tobacco | 332 | t | 2007 |
Industry - Paper and wood products
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| other paper | 0.227 | 1000 t | 2019 |
| paper | 0.227 | 1000 t | 2019 |
Industry - Various
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| chemicals production | 9.473 | M US$ | 2018 |
| food, beverages and tobacco production | 81.303 | M US$ | 2018 |
Trade
Composition of goods exports
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| ores and metals | 31.214 | % of goods exports | 2018 |
| manufactures | 28.894 | % of goods exports | 2018 |
International trade by country - Merchandise Export
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Serbia | 123 | M US$ | 2010 |
| Greece | 74.5 | M US$ | 2010 |
International trade by country - Merchandise Import
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Serbia | 571.8 | M US$ | 2010 |
| Bosnia-Herzegovina | 162.9 | M US$ | 2010 |
Tourism
International Tourism
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Expenditures | 72$ | M US$ | 2019 |
| Number of arrivals | 2 510 000 | units | 2019 |
Social and welfare
Social statistics - Education
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Expected years of schooling | 14.945 | years | 2019 |
| Graduates | 5 042 | units | 2017 |
Social statistics - Students and Teachers by level
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Students, primary level | 39 085 | units | 2019 |
| Students, secondary level | 56 896 | units | 2019 |
Social statistics - Social protection
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Social protection spending | 16.6 | % of GDP | 2018 |
Social statistics - Health
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hospital beds | 3.91 | per 1000 pop. | 2018 |
| Physicians | 2.76 | per 1000 pop. | 2018 |
Social statistics - Diseases
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| HIV | -0.1 | % of adults | 2019 |
| Tuberculosis | 15$ | per 100 000 pop. | 2019 |
Museums
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Museums | 26$ | units | 2018 |
| Museums, visitors | 238 181 | units | 2018 |
Research
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Research and development spending | 0.5 | % of GDP | 2018 |
Other social indicators
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking | 62.2 | % | 2019 |
| Access to electricity | 100 | % | 2019 |
Household consumption expenditure
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| clothing, footwear | 4.9 | % | 2019 |
| education | 1$ | % | 2019 |
