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Oman
Form of Government: Sultanate
Area: 309 980 sq km
Population: 4 471 148 inhab. (census 2020)
Density: 14.42 inhab./sq km
Coordinates: lat. 26° - 17° N; long. 52° - 60° E
Capital: Muscat=Masqaț (capital) 31 409 inhab. (2020); Mascate=Masqaț 1 302 440 inhab. (2020), urban agglomeration
Currency: Omani rial (1000 baiza)
Human development index: 0.813 (rank: 60)
Sovereign: Sultan Haitham bin Ṭāriq bin Taimūr Āl Sa‘īd, since 11 January 2020
Internet: www.ncsi.gov.om (National Center for Statistics)
Member of Arab League, GCC, OIC, UN, WTO
Oman
‘Umān, Salțanat ‘Umān
Useful informationInternational license plate code OM
International dialling code 00968
Travel vaccinations requirement yellow fever (required only if traveling from a country with risk of transmission)
Electricity (Voltage) 220/240
Driving side rigth
Internet code .om
GMT +4
DST not applied
Annual average temperature (°C) Mascate 28.4
Average temperature in January/July (°C) Mascate 22/33
Annual average precipitation (mm) Mascate 109
Days of rainfall (annual average) Mascate 8
Geography.
Oman is bordered to the south-west by Yemen, to the west by Saudi Arabia and to the northwest by the UAE. Its coasts are formed to the north-east by the Gulf of Oman, to the east by the Arabian Sea and to the south by the Indian Ocean. The Kuria Muria Islands (78 km²) became a part of Oman in 1967. The Madha and Musandam peninsula exclaves are surrounded by the UAE on their land borders.
Government
A British protectorate from 1891 to 1971, Oman has been ruled by the Āl-Bū-Sa‘īd dynasty since the 18th century. It has an absolute monarchy; the Sultan controls the state using the Council of Oman, formed by the Consultative Assembly (86 members elected for four years) and the Council of State (up to 85 royally appointed members). Political parties are not allowed. The right to vote is acquired at the age of 21 (military and law enforcement members are allowed to vote at a younger age).
Defence
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Air force | 11.7 | % | 2015 |
| Army | 58.7 | % | 2015 |
Justice
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Crimes | 313.3 | per 100 000 pop. | 2017 |
| Homicides | 0.7 | per 100 000 pop. | 2014 |
Administrative division
Administrative divisions
Cities
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| As-Sīb | 479 893 | inhab. | 2020 |
| Bawshar | 383 257 | inhab. | 2020 |
Urban agglomerations
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mascate=Masqaț | 1 302 440 | inhab. | 2020 |
Population
| Population by age and gender (% - 2020) | ||||||||
| ||||||||
| MALE | AGE | FEMALE | ||||||
Demographic statistics
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Birth rate | 18.513 | ‰ | 2019 |
| Death rate | 2.422 | ‰ | 2019 |
Ethnic groups
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arab | 55.3 | % | 2000 |
| Indo-Pakistani | 31.7 | % | 2000 |
Religions
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Muslim | 85.9 | % | 2010 |
| Christian | 6.5 | % | 2010 |
Languages
| DESCRIPTION |
|---|
| Arabic (official) |
| English |
Population by selected age groups
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0-14 years | 29.9 | % | 2020 |
| 15-29 years | 27.6 | % | 2020 |
Economy
The economy is essentially oil-based, thanks to the presence of many oil fields connected by a network of pipelines to the refineries at Mīnā’ al Faḥl and Ṣuḥār (a third is being built at Ad-Duqm). Natural gas, often extracted in the oil production areas, is sent to the liquefaction plant at Qalhāt before being exported. Other mineral products include chromite, copper, gold, gypsum and marble. There are metal-working plants and cement works. Fishing is also important (sardines, tuna).
Economy - General data
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural prod. index (2004-06=100) | 143.69 | index | 2016 |
| Agricultural prod. index (2014-16=100) | 132.79 | index | 2019 |
Economy - Employment
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Active population | 2 677 983 | units | 2020 |
| Active population, Females | 12.7 | % | 2019 |
Economy - Unemployment
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unemployment rate | 5$ | % | 2020 |
| Unemployment rate, Females | 56.8 | % | 2019 |
Economy - State budget
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Expenses | 13 063.6 | M LCU | 2019 |
| Revenues | 10 410.1 | M LCU | 2019 |
Employment by economic activity
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| agriculture | 4.6 | % | 2019 |
| industry | 32.8 | % | 2019 |
GDP by economic activity
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| agriculture | 2.258 | % | 2019 |
| industry | 51.552 | % | 2019 |
Financial data
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Currency in circulation | 1.611 | BN LCU | 2019 |
| International reserves | 15 007.357 | M US$ | 2020 |
Agriculture
Land use
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| arable land | 0.352 | % | 2018 |
| forests | 0.008 | % | 2018 |
Agriculture - products - Cereals
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| barley | 1.677 | 1000 t | 2019 |
| cereals, total | 65.375 | 1000 t | 2019 |
Agriculture - products - Roots and tubers
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| potatoes | 15.766 | 1000 t | 2019 |
| roots and tubers, total | 15.766 | 1000 t | 2019 |
Agriculture - products - Vegetables
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| cabbages | 20.242 | 1000 t | 2019 |
| carrots and turnips | 18.303 | 1000 t | 2019 |
Agriculture - products - Industrial crops
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| sugar cane | 1.437 | 1000 t | 2019 |
| tobacco | 1.164 | 1000 t | 2019 |
Agriculture - products - Fruits
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| fruits, total | 510.473 | 1000 t | 2019 |
Agriculture - products - Citrus fruits
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| citrus fruits | 7.189 | 1000 t | 2019 |
| lemons | 7.189 | 1000 t | 2019 |
Agriculture - products - Tropical fruits
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| bananas | 18.447 | 1000 t | 2019 |
| dates | 372.572 | 1000 t | 2019 |
Agriculture - areas harvested - Cereals
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| barley | 0.613 | 1000 ha | 2019 |
| maize | 1.027 | 1000 ha | 2019 |
Agriculture - areas harvested - Roots and tubers
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| potatoes | 0.582 | 1000 ha | 2019 |
Agriculture - areas harvested - Vegetables
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| cabbages | 0.669 | 1000 ha | 2019 |
| carrots and turnips | 0.582 | 1000 ha | 2019 |
Agriculture - areas harvested - Industrial crops
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| sugar cane | 0.136 | 1000 ha | 2019 |
| tobacco | 0.256 | 1000 ha | 2019 |
Agriculture - areas harvested - Citrus fruits
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| citrus fruits | 1.414 | 1000 ha | 2019 |
| lemons | 1.414 | 1000 ha | 2019 |
Agriculture - areas harvested - Tropical fruits
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| bananas | 1.575 | 1000 ha | 2019 |
| dates | 25.382 | 1000 ha | 2019 |
Forests-Livestock-Fishing
Forestry
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| timber | 50 115 | m³ | 2019 |
Livestock - Cattle
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| cattle | 404.851 | 1000 heads | 2019 |
| cattle and buffaloes | 404.851 | 1000 heads | 2019 |
Livestock - Sheep
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| sheep | 617.394 | 1000 heads | 2019 |
Livestock - Goats
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| goats | 2 348.277 | 1000 heads | 2019 |
Livestock - Equines
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| asses | 22.623 | 1000 heads | 2019 |
| asses and mules | 22.623 | 1000 heads | 2019 |
Livestock - Camelids
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| camels | 273.49 | 1000 heads | 2019 |
Livestock - Poultry
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| birds | 4 909 | 1000 heads | 2019 |
Livestock - Beekeeping
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| honey | 0.616 | 1000 t | 2019 |
Livestock - Livestock products
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| butter | 0.955 | 1000 t | 2018 |
| cheese | 3.213 | 1000 t | 2018 |
Fishing
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| crustaceans and molluscs | 16 469 | t | 2019 |
| freshwater fishes | 192 | t | 2019 |
Minerals
Mineral resources - Energy minerals
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| natural gas | 36 930.4 | M m³ | 2020 |
| oil, crude | 47 327 | 1000 t | 2020 |
Mineral resources - Metal ores
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| chromite | 690 | 1000 t | 2019 |
| copper | 8$ | 1000 t | 2015 |
Mineral resources - Non-metal ores
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| clay | 460 | 1000 t | 2018 |
| gypsum | 11 000 | 1000 t | 2020 |
Mineral resources - Rocks
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| kaolin | 12.5 | 1000 t | 2019 |
| limestone | 13 933 | 1000 t | 2018 |
Mineral resources - Precious metals and stones
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| gold | 3$ | kg | 2017 |
| silver | 120 | kg | 2017 |
Energy
Electric energy - Generated
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| - thermal | 35 406.98 | M kWh | 2018 |
| non-renewable electricity generation | 99.989 | % | 2018 |
Electric energy - Installed capacity
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| - thermal | 8 820 | 1000 kW | 2018 |
| - other renew. | 8$ | 1000 kW | 2019 |
Electric energy - Total production and capacity
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| total net generation | 35 410.98 | M kWh | 2018 |
| total installed capacity | 8 828 | 1000 kW | 2018 |
Industry
Industry - Iron and Steel, Metallurgy
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| aluminium | 391 | 1000 t | 2019 |
| copper | 22$ | 1000 t | 2018 |
Industry - Petrochemicals
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| petrol | 4 133.8 | 1000 t | 2014 |
Industry - Chemicals
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| ammonia | 1 700 | 1000 t | 2020 |
| nitrogen fertilizers | 1 603.8 | 1000 t | 2019 |
Industry - Food and beverages
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| fish, frozen | 28.1 | 1000 t | 2003 |
| maize oil | 12$ | 1000 t | 2018 |
Industry - Paper and wood products
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| other paper | 4$ | 1000 t | 2019 |
| paper | 4$ | 1000 t | 2019 |
Industry - Glass and other non-metallic mineral products
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| cement | 6 000 | 1000 t | 2018 |
Industry - Various
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| chemicals production | 1 087.781 | M US$ | 2018 |
| food, beverages and tobacco production | 740.704 | M US$ | 2018 |
Trade
Composition of goods exports
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| fuels | 75.185 | % of goods exports | 2018 |
| manufactures | 15.762 | % of goods exports | 2018 |
International trade by country - Merchandise Export
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| United Arab Emirates | 1 702 | M US$ | 2010 |
| India | 889.7 | M US$ | 2010 |
International trade by country - Merchandise Import
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| United Arab Emirates | 4 828 | M US$ | 2010 |
| China | 886.6 | M US$ | 2010 |
Tourism
International Tourism
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Expenditures | 3 387 | M US$ | 2019 |
| Number of arrivals | 2 500 000 | units | 2019 |
Communications
Communication - Transport
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Civil aviation, km flown | 51 700 000 | km flown | 2004 |
| Civil aviation, passengers carried | 11 240 | 1000 units | 2019 |
Communication - Media and telecommunication
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Broadband subscribers | 102.442 | per 1000 pop. | 2019 |
| Computers | 169 | per 1000 pop. | 2008 |
Social and welfare
Social statistics - Education
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Expected years of schooling | 14.311 | years | 2019 |
| Graduates | 27 651 | units | 2019 |
Social statistics - Students and Teachers by level
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Students, primary level | 290 045 | units | 2019 |
| Students, secondary level | 436 578 | units | 2019 |
Social statistics - Health
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hospital beds | 1.5 | per 1000 pop. | 2019 |
| Physicians | 2.1 | per 1000 pop. | 2019 |
Social statistics - Diseases
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| HIV | -0.1 | % of adults | 2019 |
| HIV, total | 0.04 | % | 2001 |
Museums
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Museums | 12$ | units | 2019 |
| Museums, visitors | 408 000 | units | 2019 |
Research
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Research and development spending | 0.22 | % of GDP | 2018 |
Other social indicators
| DESCRIPTION | VALUE | UNITS | YEAR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking | 100 | % | 2019 |
| Access to electricity | 100 | % | 2019 |
